The invention discloses a rapid vehicle lane line detection device based on parallel processing, which comprises a two-dimensional PE (Processor Element) array and two RISC (Reduced Instruction-Set Computer) microprocessor subsystems. The PE array is a two-dimensional large parallel system and is in charge of completing various vehicle lane line image preprocessing tasks capable of being processed in parallel as well as comprising vehicle lane line image filter, edge extraction and enhancement and the like. The two RISC microprocessor systems are used for carrying out vehicle lane line detection on left and right vehicle lane line edge images subjected to the edge enhancement. The PE array is connected with the two RISC microprocessor subsystems through an advanced high-property bus. Vehicle lane line image data are input from the input end of the PE array and output to two parallel RISC core subsystems after being subjected to the PE array filter, edge extraction and enhancement; anda vehicle lane line is detected by the RISC core subsystems. By using the detection system and an algorithm corresponding to the detection system, the rapid detection of the vehicle lane line can be realized.