The invention belongs to the odor detection technology, relates to the technical field of odor sample processing and smell and discloses a smell detection system based on an odor evaporation characteristic spectrum and a system thereof. The artificial smell technology has been widely applied in the field of detection of various types of odor, and the smell detection capability can be greatly improved through improving the volume of odor information obtained by a single sensor. The invention describes evaporation characteristics of a liquid sample based on the principles that the components of the liquid sample has different evaporation characteristics, and odor generated in evaporation at different time has different gas components and contents thereof during evaporation of the liquid sample of a finite volume, and a specific type of gas sensor responds to odor generated in evaporation at different time to obtain sensor signals changing along with the time, i.e. the odor evaporation characteristic spectrum. Therefore, the invention increases odor information obtained by the gas sensor, improves the accuracy of odor analysis and has great market application value in food analysis, security testing, medical treatment, public health and other aspects.