The invention relates to a portable optical volume holographic image recognition system, which comprises a control system and an optical system. The control system comprises a stepping motor control unit and a shutter control unit. The stepping motor control unit and the shutter control unit operate coordinately and control the optical system to conduct volume holographic storage and recognition. Through using a reflection-type spatial light modulator, the optical path of the optical system is compressed in a small space. The optical system is designed to be a compact dual-layer structure. A movable lens is controlled by the stepping motor control unit to move in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of a reference beam. The movable lens and a fixed lens form a two-dimensional angle multiplexer. The invention has the advantages that the optical volume holographic image recognition can be realized outside laboratories, the system breaks away from the constraint of optical platforms and the practicability is higher.