The invention relates to an excavator for building a tunnel type passage. The excavator comprises a track type carrying platform, an earth loading box, a wheeled type excavation mechanism, a belt delivery mechanism and a deflection mechanism. The earth loading box is arranged on the rear end of the track type carrying platform; the deflection mechanism is arranged on the front end of the track type carrying platform; the belt delivery mechanism is arranged above the deflection mechanism and is driven to deflect by the deflection mechanism; the tail end of the belt delivery mechanism is arranged above the earth loading box; and the wheeled type excavation mechanism arranged on the front end of the belt delivery mechanism comprises a pair of excavation wheels capable of guiding the excavated earth to a spiral guidance surface of the belt delivery mechanism. The excavator for building the tunnel type passage has the characteristics of high automaticity, low excavation work amount, high excavation efficiency, and adaptation to the emergency rescue service in a collapsed mine.