The invention relates to a calibration measuring system and a measuring method of the dynamic response characteristic of a humidity sensing element, wherein the measuring system comprises a thermostatic water bath box body, a temperature and power supply control box, a computer and a digital bridge, wherein the computer is respectively connected with the temperature and power supply control box and the digital bridge; a heating device, a high-low humidity generator and a temperature sensor are arranged in the thermostatic water bath box body; and the temperature and power supply control box is respectively electrically connected with the humidity generator, the heating device and the temperature sensor. The measuring method comprises the following steps: measuring the static capacitance values of the humidity sensing element under different humidity conditions, and computing the capacitance values corresponding to different percentage amplitude values; and measuring the dynamic capacitance values of the humidity sensing element in a humidity switching process, comparing the dynamic capacitance values with the capacitance values corresponding to the different percentage amplitude values, and obtaining the dynamic response times under different humidity change amplitude values. The calibration measuring system of the invention can realize quick switching of different humidity environments, the switching time is 250-300ms, the operation is simple, and the result is accurate.