The invention discloses an integrated aerobic/anaerobic safety methane biological desulfurization device which comprises a simple substance sulphur settling region, an aerobic methane biological desulfurization section, an anaerobic methane biological desulfurization section and a spraying system, wherein the simple substance sulphur settling region is provided with an inverted cone sulphur discharge hopper and a sulphur discharge pipe; the aerobic methane biological desulfurization section is provided with a disk-shaped gas sparger, a dissolved oxygen probe, a taper gas collector, an annulargas baffle inclined plate, a gas guide pipe, a nutrient solution input drum and a nutrient solution output drum; the anaerobic methane biological desulfurization section is provided with a disk-shaped gas distributor, a biological filler layer and a methane collecting pipe; and the spraying system is provided with a water inlet tank, a peristaltic pump and a disk-shaped sprayer. The device has the advantages that the designs of the annular gas baffle inclined plate and the taper gas collector of the aerobic methane biological desulfurization section and the complete insulation of the anaerobic methane biological desulfurization section and air guarantee the safety of methane biological desulfurization; under the combined action of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, hydrogen sulfide gas in the methane ensures that purified methane can reach the standard for utilizing; and simple substance sulphur is formed and can be recycled, thus partial treatment cost is saved.