The invention discloses a power generation risk-oriented hydropower station optimal operation chart drawing method. According to evaluation criterion and standard of a reservoir, the risk rate of the evaluation requirement cannot be met by adopting historical runoff series estimation, and a hydropower station operation chart scheme capable of increasing average power generation benefit and fully considering the power generation risk in a certain specified period (such as an evaluation period or a temporary operation period) is provided for a reservoir operation decision maker. The method can effectively coordinate the short-term benefit and long-term benefit of the reservoir and provides more decision information for the decision maker.