The invention discloses a method for preparing polyphenylene sulfide-based strong basic ion exchange fibers, which comprises the following steps of: first swelling raw polyphenylene sulfide fibers in a solvent, adding a raw material polyphenylene sulfide and a catalyst after the raw polyphenylene sulfide fibers are swelled, heating the mixture for chloromethylation and crosslinking reaction, and obtaining chloromethylated crosslinked polyphenylene sulfide fibers after the reaction is finished; then swelling the obtained chloromethylated crosslinked polyphenylene sulfide fibers in the solvent,adding trimethylamine solution after the chloromethylated crosslinked polyphenylene sulfide fibers are swelled, heating the reaction solution for quaternization reaction, and obtaining the polyphenylene sulfide-based strong basic ion exchange fiber products after the quaternization reaction is finished; and finally washing the products, and performing extraction, brine-washing and drying. The method for preparing the polyphenylene sulfide-based strong basic ion exchange fibers is simple and easy to industrially popularize and apply, and ensures relatively lower production cost. The products prepared by the method can be applied in the fields of treatment of industrial wastewater, air purification, preparation of ultrapure water, separation and extraction of medicinal chemicals, and the like.