The invention discloses an earthquake collection quality analysis method and a device. The method comprises the following steps of collecting reflective layer information from the stacked section of shot record, mapping the reflective layer information to the shot record and analyzing the distribution situation of a travel-time curve on a shot gather in combination with the stacked section and the shot record to check the reflected wave quality of an objective formation. The device comprises a collecting module used for collecting the reflective layer information from the stacked section of the shot record, a mapping module used for mapping the reflective layer information to the shot record and a first analyzing module used for analyzing the distribution situation of the travel-time curve on the shot gather in combination with the stacked section and the shot record to check the reflected wave quality of the objective formation. The invention can provide a more reliable technical way for solving the problems of quantitative analysis and objective evaluation on the earthquake field collection information in a complex region.