The invention discloses a fluidized bed oxygen permeable membrane reactor, comprising a lower end socket, a distributor, a reaction tube, an upper flange, an air intake tube, an air freeing pipe and an oxygen permeable membrane tube, wherein the lower end socket is provided with a raw material air intake tube and arranged at the bottom of the reaction tube; the distributor is arranged on the lower end socket; the upper flange is installed on the upper part of the reaction tube; a catalyst for producing hydrogen by self-thermal reforming is filled in the reaction tube; the air intake tube penetrates through the upper flange and then is inserted into the reaction tube and connects with the oxygen permeable membrane tube; the oxygen permeable membrane tube is connected with the air freeing pipe; the air freeing pipe penetrates through the upper flange and then leads to the outside of the reactor; the oxygen permeable membrane tube is buried by the catalyst in the reaction tube; the upper flange is provided with a synthesis gas outlet pipe; and the lower end of the synthesis gas outlet pipe is provided with a tail gas filter. The invention also aims to provide a method for producing the synthesis gas containing the hydrogen in the fluidized bed oxygen permeable membrane reactor. In the invention, the gas is leaded to the reactor, and the nitrogen in the air dose not participate in the reaction.