The invention relates to a transmitting-receiving antenna separation type nuclear magnetic resonance water exploring device and water exploring method. A computer is connected with a high power supply, a transmitting and control unit, a current collecting unit, a frequency-selecting amplifying unit and a signal collecting unit through serial ports, wherein a control bus is connected with a harmony matching capacitor, a transmitting coil and a diode through an H bridge circuit to form the transmitting and control unit. The water exploring device and water exploring method provided by the invention enable a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna to be separated, thus a transmitting system and a receiving system can be mutually independent. The water exploring device and water exploring method provided by the invention have the advantages that the high and low voltage separation of transmitting and receiving is realized, thus the reliability of the systems is enhanced; the multipleaspects such as the turn number, dimension, wire diameter, laying type and the like of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are not mutually restricted, thus the amplitude of receiving signals is enhanced, the detecting depth is increased and the detecting speed is enhanced; the far-end reference can cancel interference to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio; and the more comprehensive underground water distribution information can be obtained through three-component measurement, thus the detecting efficiency, accuracy and horizontal resolution are enhanced.