The invention relates to a method for preparing nickel and nickel alloy one-dimensional superstructure nanometer functional materials by adopting a hydrogen separation template method, which mainly comprises the following steps of adding an additive, metal salt of a first constituent element and a complexing agent in an aqueous solution containing a buffering agent with specific pH in sequence toform a solution, mixing the solution uniformly, and then adding one of a sulfur source, a phosphor source and a tin source commonly deposited in a second constitute element in the solution. The obtained mixture is uniformly mixed at certain temperature; a pH value is adjusted to stabilize an electrolyte; hydrogen is separated out on the surface of a nickel matrix quantitatively, directionally anduniformly through controlling current density by adopting a direct current or pulse electrolytic deposition method; and finally, lots of fine, dense and continuous air bubbles are formed in the mixedsolution. By adopting the method, as an actual template does not need to be used when an alloy nanometer wire is prepared, the problem of removing the template is not involved. By using the method, the preparation reaction period is short, the operation is simple and convenient, the conditions are easy to control, and the production efficiency is high. Simultaneously, the method further has the advantages that the cost is low, the maneuverability is strong, the yield is high, the mass production can be realized and the like, and has obvious practical value.