The invention relates to a safety monitoring method and a safety monitoring device for a climbing scaffold, and belongs to the technical field of measurement and monitoring of construction and installation engineering. The method comprises the following steps of: accurately measuring the stress condition of a supporting rod in the lifting process of the climbing scaffold by using a grating serving as a scale, simultaneously transmitting the signal by adopting a wireless technology, then analyzing and judging whether the supporting rod exceeds a safety monitoring range, and if so, timely stopping the operation of the climbing scaffold. The device comprises a supporting rod axial stress acquisition device, a wireless transmission module, a climbing scaffold lifting control module, an audible and visual alarm device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) terminal, a control end signal analysis and processing module and a power supply module. The method and the device have high intelligence degree and strong adaptability, and timely and effectively monitor the lifting safety of the climbing scaffold.