The invention provides a composition for improving the absorbance of aminoglycoside drug, which has greatly-improved absorbance in organisms and exhibits effective pharmacological action. The composition contains 0.1 to 5% absorption enhancer, which is one or more of medium chain sodium aliphatate salt and cholic acid salts; 5 to 20% of aminoglycoside drug, and the balance of pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries. Oral administration of the aminoglycoside drug results in quite little absorption of the aminoglycoside drug, and clinical oral drug is used only as the drug for enteric infection. According to the invention, as the absorption enhancer is added, the applicable scope of the aminoglycoside drug is widened, and oral administration can reach the purpose of treating general infection.