The invention discloses separation equipment and a separation method for lignite alcoholysis hot melt. The equipment mainly consists of a pressure continuous chromatographic column and a solvent circulating closing system connected with the pressure continuous chromatographic column. The lignite alcoholysis hot melt is subjected to crude separation and fine separation, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives in the lignite alcoholysis hot melt are selectively and sequentially dissolved by using an elution solvent; and coal-based organic chemicals with high additional value in thelignite alcoholysis hot melt are easily and sequentially separated and dissolved out by using the compression chromatographic column filled with a pretreatment filler, and the elution solvent is reclaimed and recycled through distillation equipment, so that fine separation of the lignite alcoholysis hot melt is effectively solved, a new path is provided for a method for developing high additionalvalue of lignite under mild conditions and provided for quickly realizing industrialization of quality improvement and utilization of the lignite, and the equipment and the method have realistic significance for efficiently and quickly converting the lignite into coal-based chemicals and realizing coal recycling and clean utilization under the current situation of petroleum resource shortage.