A method of forming a microporous carbon material includes combining a carbon precursor in solid form and an activation reagent in solid form to form a mixture, ball milling the mixture to form a composite, and, after ball milling, simultaneously activating and carbonizing the composite to form the microporous carbon material. The microporous carbon material includes a reaction product of the carbon precursor in solid form and the activation reagent in solid form. The microporous carbon material defines a plurality of micropores, a plurality of mesopores, and a plurality of macropores, wherein the plurality of micropores are present in the microporous carbon material in an amount greater than or equal to about 90 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the microporous carbon material. The microporous carbon material has a surface area of from about 1,400 m2/g to about 3,400 m2/g.