The invention relates to a lithium-phosphorus secondary battery, which is a novel secondary battery system with high specific energy. The novel secondary battery system is formed by phosphorus which is taken as an anode active substance, metallic lithium or a lithium metal alloy which is taken as a cathode material and an organic electrolyte system. An anode is made of the active substance containing the phosphorus element which is one selected from simple substance phosphorus, solid Li3Pn (n is more than or equal to 1) or polyphosphate. The anode (active) material is one selected from the simple substance phosphorus, a composite (phosphorus is loaded on a porous carbon material) of phosphorus and a conductive carbon material or a composite (phosphorus is loaded on a polymer) of phosphorus and a conductive polymer. The conductive carbon material is one selected from natural graphite, synthetic graphite, a CNT (carbon nano tube), graphene, acetylene black, carbon black or super active carbon. The conductive polymer is one selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiophene. The lithium-phosphorus secondary battery is low in manufacturing cost and simple in technological process, has huge application value and is suitable for industrialization production. Particularly, the lithium-phosphorus secondary battery has the characteristics of high charge-discharge specific energy and stable electrochemical cycle.