The invention relates to a hybrid control device for horizontal shock absorption and isolation of an aqueduct structure. The device mainly comprises a plurality of dampers (1), a plurality of springs (2), a grating (4) and a lead-zinc rubber support (6), wherein the plurality of dampers (1) and the plurality of springs (2) are arranged between the tops of aqueduct walls (3) at two sides of the aqueduct in longitudinal direction; the grating (4) is arranged in the aqueduct in the longitudinal direction; the lead-zinc rubber support (6) is arranged at the top of an aqueduct pier; and an aqueduct water body and an aqueduct body define a big rectangular TLD (tuned liquid damper) water tank. According to the invention, the TLD effect of a massive water body in the aqueduct body is taken into account, and seismic response is reduced by utilizing the shaking of the water body, thus changing the disadvantages of the water body to advantages, and breaking through a research method in that the traditional massive water body is disadvantaged to the aqueduct structure; more importantly, a hybrid shock absorption and isolation device consisting of the dampers, the springs, the grating and the lead-zinc rubber support can reduce the horizontal seismic response of the aqueduct to a greater degree, and is simple to install and is economical and practical.