The invention discloses a loading corrosion test method and device for a fastener for a high speed railway. The corrosion test is performed on a tested fastener in an environment of being applied with a pre-tightening force and an axial vibration load. A bottom plate of a corrosion test box (1) is provided with a fixed support (2), and a lower connection plate (3) is fixedly connected with the fixed support (2); a vibratory motor (4) is fixedly connected with an upper connection plate (5); a pre-tightening spring (6) is arranged between the upper connection plate and the lower connection plate; and the upper connection plate and the lower connection plate are symmetrically provided with mounting holes for penetration of the tested fastener. The method and the device can detect the corrosion resistance of the fastener for the high speed railway while being in practical loading conditions and contacting with different materials, can estimate the service life of the fastener for the highspeed railway more accurately and have higher reference value for guiding engineering practice. And the method and the device have the advantages of simple structure and convenience in operation.