The invention discloses article detection equipment, comprising an X-ray machine, an X-ray machine collimator, a transmission detector array and a plurality of scattering detector arrays. Each scattering detector array comprises a plurality of identical detection modules which are arranged into i rows and j lines, wherein an transmission section of an article is divided into identical partitioned areas of i rows and j lines, and the i*j detection modules of each scattering detector array correspond to the i*j partitioned areas of the transmission section of the article in a one-to-one manner, and are used for detecting electron-pair-effect annihilation photons and Compton scattering photons generated by the X-rays at the corresponding partitioned areas, and acquiring atomic number of each partitioned area according to the specific vale of the count of the detected electron-pair-effect annihilation photons to the count of the detected Compton scattering photons, so as to identify the elements on each partitioned area of the article, thereby forming a three-dimensional image representing three-dimensional element distribution information of the article. The energy of X-ray generated by the X-ray machine is more than 1.022MeV, and i and j are all positive integers more than or equal to 2.