The invention discloses a self-adaptive high-speed tool handle, which is characterized in that a plurality of axial compensation holes are arranged on a flange face of a traditional tool handle, and a plurality of radial holes orthogonal with the axial compensation holes are arranged on a cylindrical surface of the traditional tool handle. A supporting sliding column is mounted in each axial compensation hole, and a tapered wedge sliding column and a return spring are mounted in each radial hole. By the aid of centrifugal force and the self-locking function of a tapered wedge, the supporting sliding columns reliably contact with end faces of a spindle. When the working speed of the tool handle is increased, the outward centrifugal force of the tapered wedge sliding column in each radial hole is increased, so that supporting force generated for pushing the supporting sliding columns to upwardly act on the end faces of the spindle is increased, an axial supporting function is enhanced, and the capacity of preventing the tool handle from axially recessing the spindle is strengthened. The self-adaptive high-speed tool handle is capable of effectively solving the problems that the connecting stiffness of a joint for a spindle and a tool is reduced, abrasion of the tool is aggravated, surface machining quality is reduced, assembly and disassembly of the tool are difficult and the like when the traditional tool handle is in high-speed machining.