The invention discloses a pavement disease detecting and recognizing method based on a wireless online video sensor, which includes: acquiring an expressway pavement disease video image and locating the disease position; preprocessing the video image and extracting a disease target area; and extracting expressway pavement disease texture features by means of HGM (hollow glass microsphere) multi-wavelet transform. Using the pavement disease detecting and recognizing method based on the wireless online video sensor can detect primary conditions of pavement diseases in real time, track the development situations of the diseases and analyze development trends of the pavement diseases, and the method is high in instantaneity and detection efficiency. In addition, applying the method to expressway pavement disease detection can save expressway maintenance cost, guarantee traffic safety and prolong service life of roads.