The invention provides a device for training and detecting extravehicular operation capability. The device comprises an air compressor, a supporting platform, at least two air flotation systems, a space station system, an extravehicular spacesuit system and a data detector; the air flotation systems are arranged on the supporting platform and are connected with the air compressor; the space station system and the extravehicular spacesuit system are respectively arranged on the air flotation systems; and the air compressor provides air pressure for the air flotation systems after the air compressor is started, and the air flotation systems discharge airflow to generate air film between the air flotation system and the supporting platform so that the air flotation systems freely move and rotate on a plane of the supporting platform to simulate micro-gravity motion states of three degrees of freedom. The invention can provide a micro-gravity environment simulator for training and detecting extravehicular operation capability of astronauts so as to improve an extravehicular operation training effect of the astronauts and obtain technical data of the extravehicular operation of the astronauts.