The invention discloses an energy feedback heat pipe heat exchange device for exhaust gas waste heat utilization of a vehicle engine. Heat pipes which are arranged in a longitudinally staggered mode are arranged in a heat exchange shell; an insulating layer is arranged on the middle parts of heat pipe rows; an inlet and an outlet of working medium side fluid are formed on the upper space of the insulating layer; an energy feedback unit layer is arranged below the lower space of the insulating layer; a phase change material is filled in the energy feedback unit layer; the unit layer and the heat pipes are embedded and fixed to form a whole; an inlet and an outlet of gas side fluid are formed on the upper part and the lower part of the energy feedback unit layer respectively; the energy feedback unit layer is provided with flow guide plates and air vents; channels are formed by the air vents and the outlet of the gas side fluid; and the flow guide plates divide the heat pipes on the lower space of the energy feedback unit layer into single row gas side fluid channels. The energy feedback unit of the device can automatically absorb and release heat, and a heat exchange system can be subjected to real-time and dynamic energy feedback, so that transient pulsation exhaust gas waste heat is stably utilized; and when the vehicle engine is operated under the transient working condition, the heat exchange device works stably, and the operation of a thermal cycle is ensured.