The invention relates to a self-balancing testing device and a self-balancing testing method for testing the bending performance of a displacement and force double control column and belongs to the field of concrete buildings. The self-balancing testing device comprises an outer frame, a loading device and a testing device. The loading device is arranged in the outer frame; the loading device is connected with the testing device; the outer frame comprises an I-shaped top beam, I-shaped side beams and an I-shaped bottom beam; two I-shaped side beams are vertically arranged on the I-shaped bottom beam; and the I-shaped top beam is arranged at the top ends of the two I-shaped side beams. The testing device has the characteristics that the testing device is simple to assemble and is convenient to operate; few instruments are required by the test; and the self-balancing testing device can be used for measuring on the pouring site. Moreover, the force and displacement protection can be set in the force and displacement control process, so that the safety of the test is ensured.