The invention discloses a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver and a position measurement method. The GNSS receiver comprises a satellite receiving antenna, a laser ranging instrument, a posture sensor and a maser control board, wherein the posture sensor is used for receiving an azimuth angle, a pitch angle and a roll angle of the satellite receiving antenna. The maser control board is used for obtaining a longitude and latitude coordinate and an elevation coordinate of the phase center of the satellite receiving antenna, transforming the longitude and latitude coordinate and the elevation coordinate into a right-angle coordinate under a local coordinate system SG, obtaining coordinate offset of a measured point and the phase center according to the distance, the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle between the satellite receiving antenna and the measured point, and calculating the right-angle coordinate of the measured point under local coordinate system SG. Compared with the prior art, the GNSS receiver improves accuracy of measurement, eliminates a centering rod simultaneously, and reduces the volume. In addition, during measurement, the longitude and latitude coordinate of the satellite receiving antenna has no need to be guaranteed to be identical with a longitude and latitude coordinate of the measured point, thereby reducing operation difficulties.