The invention discloses a tail gas collecting system of a silicon carbide smelting furnace, which comprises a collecting mechanism, a filtering and purifying system and a gas transmission storage mechanism which are mutually connected, wherein the collecting mechanism is connected with a furnace wall of the smelting furnace of the system, and is then sequentially connected with the filtering and purifying mechanism and the gas transmission storage mechanism; the collecting mechanism and the filtering and purifying mechanism are respectively provided with a safety control mechanism; the collecting mechanism comprises a collecting cover base, a collecting cover and a shutter; the filtering and purifying mechanism comprises a gas separator, an oil storage tank and a water tank which are connected respectively through a pipeline; the gas separator is connected with the gas transmission storage mechanism through a pipeline; the gas transmission storage mechanism comprises a gas storage tank connected with the gas separator. The system can fully utilize the additional value of tail gases such as CO generated in the silicon carbide smelting process, and the environment pollution is reduced; and the danger of CO gas gathering and explosion is reduced, and the normal reaction conditions of silicon carbide can not be damaged.