The invention relates to an elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring, which solves the technical problems of complicated structure and top-to-bottom stuffiness of a current gas spring. The elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring comprises a spring body, and is characterized in that the spring body is formed by at least one hollow cavity column of a double-layer side wall structure, a closed cavity containing pressure gas is formed between double side walls, the cavity columns are corrugated, and at least one vent hole communicated with the cavity is arranged on each side wall. By using the corrugated structure of a accordion box and filling the pressure gas, the hardness of the elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring is conveniently adjusted, the elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring is particularly fine in transverse and longitudinal ventilation, a mattress comprising the elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring is easy for removing moisture so that the influence on human health is eliminated, the elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring is wide in one-way deformation range, meets various demands and can be adjusted in real time to enhance comfort, coiling is facilitated, transport cost is saved, and a user can use the elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring by filling the gas and unfolding the elasticity-adjustable gas pressure spring.