A hydraulic lifting roller shipping process for an ultra-large marine structure comprises the following steps of 1 sequentially arranging a track, a roller, a piston shoe and a supporting pad pier on a slide in advance, and then constructing a structure; 2 arranging a traction device and a control system, wherein the traction device is connected with the piston shoe, a jack is installed in the piston shoe and connected with the control system, and a temporary support is removed when the jack lifts the structure to the preset height; 3 starting the traction device to drive the piston shoe and the structure to move on the roller; 4 performing water level load adjustment of a ballast tank on a ship in the boarding processing of the structure, wherein the control system jointly adjusts the bearing force of the jack; and 5 enabling the jack to completely retract when the structure advances to an appointed position of the ship, and enabling the supporting pad pier and the piston shoe to bear the weight of the structure so as to complete shipping operation of the structure. The hydraulic lifting roller shipping process for the ultra-large marine structure overcomes the shortcomings that in the traditional process, partial force and deformation are overlarge, the load is difficult to adjust, and the like, and improves control accuracy of the shipping advancing direction of the structure.