The invention discloses a simulation experiment device of a high-speed wheel rail, wherein a rotating base is arranged at the right part of a base; a right direct-current motor is arranged on the rotating base; the left end of a right direct-current motor shaft is connected with a steel rail mimic panel by a right lifting speed change gear box, and the right end of the right direct-current shaft is connected with a right optical-electricity encoder; a vertical base is arranged at the left part of the base; a left direct-current motor is arranged on the vertical base; the right end of a left direct-current motor shaft is connected with a shaft of a simulation wheel by a left speed change gear box and a universal coupler, and the left end of the left direct-current shaft is connected with a left optical-electricity encoder; the simulation wheel is located over the steel rail mimic panel, and the shaft of the simulation wheel is arranged on a bearing base; the bearing base is connected with a vertical excitation actuator on the vertical base by a three-dimensional force sensor and a bracket in sequence; and the side surface of the bearing base is connected with a horizontal loaded electric cylinder on the vertical base. The experiment device can conveniently simulate the wheel rail relationship in high-speed movement and the frictional wear situation of the wheel rail, and is high in automatic degree, simple and convenient in operation, high in measurement precision and good in reproducibility of experiment data.