The invention relates to an axial bed-increased type quenching methanol-to-propylene (MTP) fixed bed reactor which comprises a shell (1), a hot raw material gas inlet (2), a product outlet (3), a cold raw material gas/liquid inlet (4), a cold raw material distributor (5), a cold raw material nozzle (6), catalyst beds (7), inert ceramic balls (8), a nitrogen nozzle (9), a side line gas annular collecting pipe (10), a side line liquid annular collecting pipe (11), a side line gas pipe (12), a side line liquid pipe (13), a nitrogen distributor (14) and a nitrogen inlet (15). The reactor is separated into 4 to 6 beds, and a zeolite-based MTP catalyst is filled in the beds which are increased layer by layer. The raw material crude dimethyl ether or fine methanol hot gas enters the first bed from the top, the cold gas and liquid enter the residual beds from a side line, and propylene-rich hydrocarbon mixture is output from the bottom. The reactor has the characteristics of easiness in enlarging, small backmixing, easiness in temperature control and small catalyst mechanical loss.