The invention discloses a method for preparing a polymer-base conductive composite material by melt blending, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) raw material selection; 2) related treatment on the conductive filler; and 3) melt blending. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the conductive filler and a compatibilization polymer of a polymer 1 and a polymer 2 are subjected to melt blending to prepare a master batch, wherein the conductive filler is dispersed in the compatibilization polymer in the process; and the master batch and the polymers 1 and 2 are subjected to melt blending, wherein at this time, the compatibilization polymer with the conductive filler has certain chemical or physical interactions with the polymers 1 and 2 and tends to be distributed in the interface of the polymers 1 and 2 to lower the two-phase interfacial tension, so the conductive filler is also distributed in the interface of the high-polymer blend polymers 1 and 2; and however, when the content of the conductive filler is increased to a certain value, a conductive path is formed on the two-phase interface, so a conductive percolation phenomenon occurs and the conductivity is greatly enhanced.