The invention provides a microscope capable of regulating illuminating brightness and color, which is characterized in that an illuminator component and an illumination dimming device are mounted on a frame component of the microscope; the illumination dimming device comprises a light-emitting diode module, an illumination regulation panel, an illumination control circuit board, a power conversion component and a power socket; an illumination control circuit is arranged on the illumination control circuit board; and the light-emitting diode module comprises red, green and blue light-emitting diodes. When the microscope is in use, the light from the light-emitting diodes is mixed and passes through the illuminator to provide illumination for an observed sample; the illumination regulation panel is operated, and in response to the operation of the illumination regulation panel, the illumination control circuit controls the current flowing through the light-emitting diodes to correspondingly regulate the brightness or color of the hybrid illumination light. Through the adoption of the microscope, the brightness or color of the hybrid light falling onto the observed sample can be regulated conveniently, so that the microscope can be applicable to different use environments, meet different use requirements and obtain a better observation effect.