The invention discloses a preparation method of a ceramic composite steel tube, which is characterized by comprising the following processing steps of: powder drying, mixing, steel tube treatment, loading, centrifugal reaction, sand burying and slow cooling. By adopting the preparation method, the reaction rate is improved, the defect that the ceramic layer of the composite steel tube has thick two ends and thin middle is overcome, and the corrosion resistance of the transition layer is improved; and the prepared ceramic composite tube has uniform ceramic layer and no flaw, and conforms to the rigor requirements on high-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance and corrosion resistance of conveying pipelines in the petrochemical industry at present, so that the service life of the conveying pipelines is greatly prolonged and the production and operating cost of the enterprises is lowered.