The invention discloses a method for shortening the coating period of a concrete structure surface coating. The method is characterized by including the following steps: (a) fixing a water-permeable mold plate lining on the inner side of a steel mold plate for pouring at an early stage of concrete pouring; and (b) carrying out concrete pouring while vibrating the concrete with a vibrator, so that excessive mixing water, air bubbles and fine particle parts of binder in the concrete migrate to the water-permeable mold plate lining under the vibrating action, and allowing the air bubbles to escape upward, water to be discharged downward and the fine particle parts of the binder to be enriched on the outer surface of the structure under the action of the water-permeable mold plate lining. The inventive method is clear in principle, simple to operate, and remarkable in technical and economic benefits, and can shorten the comprehensive coating period by at least 14 days, ensure coating quality, shorten offshore operation time, lower construction risks and save engineering investment.