The invention provides a railway tractor as well as a method, a device and a system for controlling the same. The method comprises the steps as follows: when the railway tractor runs on a track, the pressure in rodless cavities of telescopic oil cylinders of a front guide wheel and a rear guide wheel of the railway tractor is monitored; and the pressure of the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel on the track is controlled through the monitored result to enable the pressure of the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel on the track to be kept within a preset range. The pressure between the guide wheels and the track is controlled through monitored pressure in the rodless cavities of telescopic oil cylinders of the guide wheels to cause the pressure between the guide wheels and the track of the railway tractor to be kept within the reasonable range, so that the problem that when the railway tractor runs on the track, the pressure between the guide wheels and the track is too high or too low is solved, and the safety and the traction performance of the railway tractor are improved.