The invention discloses a helicopter health and usage monitoring system (HUSM) and a helicopter health and usage monitoring method. The HUMS comprises an airborne part and a ground part; an airborne system is used for monitoring the usage parameters (e.g. engine parameters, flight parameters and the like) as well as the health parameters of key parts (e.g. engine parameters, helicopter body parameters, transmission system parameters, rotor parameters and the like) in real time, and pretreating the usage parameters and the health parameters to achieve airborne warning to further notify a pilot to return a base and also notify personnel on the ground to prepare maintenance; and a ground system is used for downloading and analyzing airborne acquired data, achieving judgment and positioning of faults, giving a maintenance advice, coordinating with a logistics guarantee and support system, and achieving 'scheduled maintenance' and 'unscheduled maintenance'. The monitoring system and the monitoring method obtain important effects on guaranteeing the flight safety of a helicopter, improving the maintainability and task accomplishment ratio as well as use effect, and the like.