A high speed train rescue conversion device comprises an electronic control unit, an electric pneumatic conversion valve, a relay valve, a discharge valve and an emergency electromagnetic valve. The electronic control unit collects train pipe pressure and outputs current signals used for braking, and the electric pneumatic conversion valve converts the received current signals into corresponding precontrol pressure signals and transmits the precontrol pressure signals to a braking pressure input port of the relay valve. Flow amplification of the precontrol pressure signals is carried out by the relay valve, and then the precontrol pressure signals are respectively input into an upper cavity and a lower cavity of the discharge valve. The lower cavity of the discharge valve is connected with a train pipe after blocked and cocked, and the upper cavity of the discharge valve is connected with the emergency electromagnetic valve. A supply pressure input port of the electric pneumatic conversion valve and a supply pressure input port of the relay valve are respectively connected with a pressure supply output port of a main air reservoir (MR). Air valves and the electronic control unit are combined into a whole, synchronization pressure reduction braking of a train with the high speed train rescue conversion device and other trains is achieved, and purposes that device integration and braking sensitivity are promoted, horizontal impulses of the train are reduced, bogie equipment is protected, and braking effect of the train is promoted are achieved.