The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy composite plate fusion covered with a honeycomb ceramic interlayer on the surface. The preparation method comprises the following steps including: adopting a honeycomb steel plate as a concave mold of an extrusion mold, configuring C powder with Ti powder according to chemometry, then adding Ni powder and Co powder, evenly mixing to manufacture a mixed material, adopting a convex mold matched with the concave mold to press the mixed materials into honeycomb holes of the honeycomb steel plate to form a precast block, then placing the honeycomb steel plate provided with the precast block at the bottom of a closed type mold, then placing quartz sand on the honeycomb steel plate, lighting the precast block in the honeycomb holes through high-energy flame to enable the precast block to perform self-propagating reaction, pressing the quartz sand through the convex mold to obtain a metal ceramic honeycomb coated plate, taking the plate out of the mold, welding one surface of the plate with an aluminum alloy plate by utilizing brazing technique, then pressure-surfacing a layer of alloy steel on the other surface by utilizing plasma surfacing technique, and accordingly obtaining the aluminum alloy composite plate fusion covered with the honeycomb ceramic interlayer on the surface. The combination of the honeycomb coating, the aluminum alloy plate coating and a base body is high in strength, and coatings are good in compact toughness and anti-impact performance.