The invention discloses a braking device for a wheel type spreading machine, which relates to the technical field of brakes in transmission-rotation movement. The braking device comprises a transmission case, wherein an output shaft of the transmission case is connected with a left driving wheel and a right driving wheel through a chain transmission device; an input shaft of the transmission case is connected with a disk brake; brake drums are arranged on driven chain wheels on the left driving wheel and the right driving wheel; a shaft which is fixedly connected with a vehicle frame is arranged in each brake drum; two support pins are arranged on a support plate which is connected with each shaft; two brake shoes are arranged between each brake drum and each shaft; the outer crown faces of the brake shoes are provided with friction sheets; one end of each brake shoe is arranged on each support plate through a support pin; a braking oil cylinder is arranged between the other ends of two brake shoes; and tension springs are arranged between two brake shoes and the connection ends of the brake oil cylinders. Compared with the prior art, the braking device for the wheel type spreading machine has the advantages of high braking position accuracy, high working reliability and high braking safety.