The invention relates to the field of bridge vibration, in particular to a hydraulic speed locking device for bridges. The hydraulic speed locking device for the bridges comprises a cylinder block, and a left cylinder cover and a right cylinder cover are arranged on the left and on the right of the cylinder block. The hydraulic speed locking device for the bridges is characterized in that two pistons are arranged in the cylinder block, a piston rod is penetratingly mounted in the cylinder block, the left end and the right end of the piston rod penetrate out of the left cylinder cover and the right cylinder cover respectively, each of the two pistons is provided with at least one mounting groove, the opening directions of the mounting grooves are opposite in direction, a through hole communicated with an inner chamber of the cylinder block is arranged at the bottom of each mounting groove, a gland is arranged at an opening of each mounting groove, each gland is provided with a through hole communicated with the inner chamber of the cylinder block, and a locking valve is inserted into each mounting groove from the opening thereof. The hydraulic speed locking device for the bridges is simple in structure, locking speed and locking force are unrelated to temperature, and influences on operating characteristics of the device caused by liquid temperature change during operation of the device are shielded fundamentally. A novel throttling mode and a novel configuration mode are adopted to enable operating performances of the device to be more stable.