The invention relates to an air bag type water filling-emptying auxiliary system for a ship lock, belonging to the field of design of navigation ship lock hydraulic structures. The air bag type water filling-emptying auxiliary system for the ship lock comprises an air bag device arranged on the base plate of a lock chamber, wherein the air bag device comprises an air bag main body, an air bag top plate, an air bag base plate, inflating ducts, inflating pumps and inflating-discharging valves, the air bag main body is arranged between the air bag top plate and the air bag base plate and fixed on the base plate of the lock chamber by the air bag base plate; the air bag base plate is provided with built-in inflating ducts and k air outlets, wherein each two air outlets are connected by one built-in inflating duct; and one end of each inflating duct is connected with one inflating pump by one inflating-discharging valve, and the other end of each inflating duct is connected with one built-in inflating duct to achieve inflating and discharging of the air bag device by the inflating-discharging valve. According to the air bag type water filling-emptying auxiliary system for the ship lock, the water lockage of ships can be effectively reduced, the filling-emptying time of the lock chamber can be shortened, and the lockage efficiency and the waterway transport capacity can be improved; and the air bag type ship lock water filling-emptying auxiliary system can be widely applied to the ship locks in various sizes.