A damping traction and release device comprises a clamping locating mechanism, a collision block arranged on one side of the clamping locating mechanism and a buffering washer arranged between the collision block and the clamping locating mechanism. The clamping locating mechanism, the collision and the buffering washer are connected through at least one group of first bolt parts and respectively and correspondingly provided with a through guide groove. The clamping locating mechanism comprises a locating base seat and a clamping plate arranged on one side of the locating base seat. A face of the locating base seat and a face of the clamping plate are contacted with each other and are respectively and correspondingly provided with bosses which are arranged in a staggered mode. The guide grooves are arranged on the other side of the locating base seat. The clamping plate and the locating base seat are connected through a plurality of groups of second bolt parts. When the damping traction and release device is used, through matching of the dislocated bosses, clamping strength of the damping traction and release device on a railway is effectively ensured, the buffering washer is arranged between the collision block and the clamping locating mechanism, impact between a small traction trailer and the damping traction and release device can be effectively reduced, and damage of the damping traction and release device and the traction trailer is reduced.