The invention relates to an identification method of random structural damage based on genetic algorithm and static force measurement data. The identification method of the random structural damage based on the genetic algorithm and the static force measurement data comprises the following steps: (1) preliminarily obtaining statistical properties of random structural damage indexes; (2) defining the probability of unit damage as the random rigidity before occurrence of the damage or the probability that an elastic modulus Kai is larger than Kdi; (3) introducing damage probability indexes, determining several units of the damage probability indexes as non-damage units, and conducting corresponding adjustment on the statistical properties of the damage indexes; (5) going back to the governing equation of the initial damage identification in the step (1), and obtaining the objective function of the structural damage indexes after rearranging; and (6) solving the minimum value of the objective function in the step (5) by means of the genetic algorithm, and obtaining the statistical properties of the damage indexes. The identification method of the random structural damage based on the genetic algorithm and the static force measurement data has the advantages that multiple damage identification of different damage degrees can be carried out due to the fact that the genetic optimized algorithm has little limit on the type, the quantity and the size of the parameter.