The invention relates to a metallurgical liquid-state slag treatment process and equipment and belongs to technical field of metallurgical liquid-state slag treatment. According to the technical scheme, the equipment comprises a heat insulation device, a cooling device, a pelletization device, a discharge opening, a chute (1), an upper cover and a steam recovery pipeline (5), wherein the liquid-state slag flows into the heat insulation device through the chute 1, and high-pressure spray water is injected through a high-pressure diffusion jet spray gun 2, so that the liquid-state slag is basically cured; the liquid-state slag is pelletized in the descending process in the heat insulation device through filing of the staggered and crossed rotating teeth and fixing teeth, the generated steam is recycled through the steam recovery pipeline, and the furnace slag and water are discharged out of the heat insulation device through the discharge opening. The equipment is high in applicability, small in occupied area, low in investment and high in sensible heat recovery efficiency, the predicted sensible heat recovery efficiency is between 60 and 80 percent, the water is saved, cooling water is comprehensively utilized, the environmental friendliness is achieved, the pollution is slight, the process is always performed in a closed container, the pollution is reduced, and the stokehold operation condition environment is improved.