The invention discloses a method for optimizing a minimum broken point set based on characteristics of spatial distribution. The method for optimizing minimum broken point set based on the characteristics of the spatial distribution comprises the first step of dividing the whole network into k communicated subnets at the positions of a node-cutting point and an edge-cutting set, the second step of dividing four gathered subspaces of the i connected subnets into a first subpopulation, a second subpopulation, a third subpopulation and a fourth subpopulation, the third subpopulation and the first subpopulation are mutually symmetrical, the fourth subpopulation and the second subpopulation are mutually symmetrical, the third step of working out minimum broken point sets of the first subpopulation and the second subpopulation by means of binary particle swarm optimization, the fourth step of obtaining minimum broken point sets of the third subpopulation and the fourth subpopulation according to the spatial symmetrical characteristics of the minimum broken point sets, the fifth step of repeating the step 2 to the step 4 and getting the minimum broken point sets of the k connected subnets, the sixth step of conducting union set operation on the minimum broken point sets of the k connected subnets and obtaining multiple sets of the minimum broken point sets of the whole net. The method for optimizing the minimum broken point set based on the characteristics of the spatial distribution solves the problem of 'curse of dimensionality', and rapidly obtains multiple sets of the MBPS which are quite different in positions by means of the spatial symmetrical characteristics.