The invention discloses a system for acquiring and recognizing entrance/exit lane vehicle information of a toll station at a toll road. The system comprises a plurality of vehicle detection devices arranged at an entrance lane and an exit lane of the toll station at the toll road, wherein the vehicle detection devices at a toll lane of the toll road comprise a license plate recognition device arranged in the toll lane, as well as a first vehicle detection device and a second vehicle detection device which are vertical to the direction of travel and are parallelly arranged on the lane; an axle load sensor is arranged between the first vehicle detection device and the second vehicle detection device; the vehicle detection devices at the toll lane of the toll road comprise a third vehicle detection device and a fourth vehicle detection device which are parallely arranged on the lane; an electric handrail is arranged between the third vehicle detection device and the fourth vehicle detection device. The system disclosed by the invention can be used for recognizing information, such as vehicle models, wagons, vehicle types, license plate numbers, hangers, axle types, axle loads, total weight and the direction of travel, of vehicles passing by the toll lane, and preventing cheat behaviors such as a phenomenon that the driver of a vehicle takes more cards during a reversing process.