The invention relates to the field of structural optimization design, and discloses a topological optimization method of a constrained damping plate with frequency response displacement as an optimization objective. The method includes the steps: 1) establishing a constrained damping structure finite element model, 2) establishing a topological optimization model, 3) extracting mass matrixes and stiffness matrixes of established constrained damping cellular elements, 4) computing sensitivity of each constrained damping cellular element, 5) computing objective usage amount of constraint materials for next iteration, and 6) judging whether constraint conditions are satisfied or not. By the method, constrained damping plate topological optimization that frequency response displacement of a target position is minimized under excitation of a certain frequency band is achieved. Sensitivity of the constrained damping cellular elements is computed, the usage amount of the constraint materials is taken as constraint, the frequency response displacement minimization of the target position is taken as the optimization objective, and topological optimization configuration of a constrained damping plate structure is obtained by the aid of a progressive optimization algorithm.