The invention relates to a scene application-based traffic signal control system and method. The scene application-based traffic signal control system comprises a signal machine, wherein the signal machine comprises a signal machine control module, a second scene parameter storage module, a general parameter storage module, a clock module and a signal lamp driving module; and the signal machine control module is used for performing query according to the date and the time provided by the clock module to obtain scene working parameters corresponding to the date and the time in the second scene parameter storage module, and is used for performing driving control over the working state of a traffic signal lamp through the signal lamp driving module according to the queried scene working parameters and the signal machine working general parameters to perform required traffic signal control. The system and the method can realize traffic signal control aiming at different scenes, the system is low in investment and large in output, the traffic efficiency of an intersection in a special situation is greatly improved, the vehicle stop frequency and time are reduced, the vehicle exhaust emission is reduced and the road service level is improved.