The invention relates to an asymmetric wide band board type dynamic absorber structure. An absorber damping unit is provided with a middle mass block (300) and four multiple restraining damping bars; each damping bar is composed of a restraining layer (100) and a damping layer (200), and an orientation wing plate (110) is vertically arranged on each restraining layer (100); each damping bar is of a wedge-shaped structure with the middle portion thick and the end portions thin from the center to the outer ends; the four multiple restraining damping bars are connected with the middle mass block (300) in a crossed mode; the multiple restraining damping bars are of an asymmetric structure, namely, the arranged directions of every two adjacent orientation plates of the restraining damping bars are different by 90 degrees. The asymmetric wide band board type dynamic absorber structure has the advantages that vibration of a railway board can be effectively restrained, different kinds of damage, caused by vibration, of a railway and reinforced ribs in the railway board are relieved, assembly and disassembly are convenient, and the maintenance and repair operation cost is low.